that put Heller firmly in the ranks of American men of letters. The darkly comic, satiric novel of Yossarian, an Air Force pilot trapped in a system that won't let him leave, began as a cult classic following its 1961 release, but grew into a classic work of fiction.
The work helped to galvanize 1960s reaction to authority and bureaucracy, and contributed a phrase (A "catch-22": a rule that contradicted itself) to the American vernacular.
Heller is survived by his wife Valerie.